Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Volume 79, May 2025, pp. 35 – 43
Land subsidence hazards in Hanoi, Vietnam
Nguyen Cong Giang1, Le Canh Tuan2,*, Tran Thanh Le2, Nguyen Quang Minh3
1 Hanoi Architectural University, Km 10, Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
2 Hanoi University of Natural Resource and Environment, No. 41A, Phu Dien Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
3 Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, No. 18 Vien Street, Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
* Corresponding author email address: lctuan@hunre.edu.vn
Abstract: The study area is located in the southwest of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, encompassing the districts of Quoc Oai, Chuong My, My Duc, and Ung Hoa. This region is densely populated and has experienced frequent collapses and land subsidence over the years. Notably, these phenomena have persisted into 2023. The foundation structures in the southwestern part of Hanoi are categorized into five types, with Quaternary sediments forming the upper layer and limestone constituting the base. The formation of Quaternary sediments over the Dong Giao Formation limestone is closely linked to the transgressive and regressive processes that occurred during the Quaternary period. Based on geological research, geophysical studies, and wellbore analysis, the authors have drawn the following conclusions: 1. The collapses are associated with underground karst activity, and 2. Urbanization and underground exploitation are key factors contributing to the increasing frequency of collapses. These research findings are scientifically significant and serve as a valuable resource for identifying and warning about geohazards in areas with similar geological conditions. They also support efforts toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Keywords: Collapse, land subsidence, geohazards, karst, Quoc Oai, Chuong My, My Đuc, Hanoi
References
Amina, M. Salman & Ali, M. Al-Rahim, 2023. Application of Electrical Resistivity Method for Detections of Subsurface Karst Hazards within the State Company for Glass and Refractories in Ar-Ramadi City, Iraq. Iraqi Geological Journal, 56(1E).
Binh, N.V., & Duc, D.M., 2013. Land subsidence and its effects to stability of buildings in the West Hanoi City. Proceedings of International Symposium Hanoi Geoengineering 2013, HaNoi, p 41-46.
Binh, N.V., 2015. Research on Quaternary sediment characteristics and the relationship with ground subsidence phenomenon in the western area of Hanoi city. PhD Thesis, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. National Library Archives.
Binh, V.N., Huynh, V.X., & Binh, N.V., 2021. Subsidence in the west of Hanoi city, cause and handling solutions. Journal of Water Resources Science and Technology, 69, 1-6.
Derek, F., & Paul, W., 2007. Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, West Sussex, England. 576 p.
Institute for Environment and Resources- Consultancy, Technology Development and Construction in Mining and Geology Co. Ltd., 2023. Field investigation, determined on the scale and proposed solutions overcome land subsidence, cracking soil in Đoan Xa village, Đong Tien Commune, Ung Hoa District, Ha Noi City. (Report).
Institute of Water Resources and Environment (IWRE), 2020. Field investigation, determined on the scale and proposed solutions overcome land subsidence, cracking soil in Hoa An village, Hoa Xa Commune, Ung Hoa District, Ha Noi City. (Report).
Lam, N.V., Hoan, H.V., & Nhan, D.D., 2019. Investigation into Groundwater Resources in Southern Part of the Red River’s Delta Plain, Vietnam by the Use of Isotopic Techniques. Water, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102120.
Le Canh Tuan, 2009. Characteristics of Petrographic – Geomorphology of Kycung River valley (Lang Son Town Area) relation to geological hazards. Archive National Library, Ha Noi.
Le Canh Tuan, 2019. Warning Pollution of Karst Poljes in Vietnam. Vietnam International Water Week VACI 2019 Conference, April 2019. National University of Hanoi, Hanoi.
Le Canh Tuan, 2020. Characteristics of Karst Poljes in Vietnam and Associated Geohazards. International Journal of Science and Research, 9(3), 1391-1398.
Petar T. Milanovíc, 2018. Karst hydrogeology. Centre Karst Hydrogeology, Belgrade. 434 p.
Phu, H., Tuan, L.C., Thao, N.L.N., Han, H.T.N., & Thuy, C.M., 2022. Characteristic of Lang Son Karst Poljes in Vietnam and Geohazards. Iraqi Geological Journal, 55(2B).
Tapponnier, F., Peltzer, G., & Armijo, R., 1986. On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19, 115-116.
Thinh, P.H., Linh, T.L., Lam, D.H., & Thanh, P.T., 2022. Risk of Land Subsidence Related to Underground Karst Caves and Solutions, North-South Vietnam Expressway. Iraqi Geological Journal, 55(1A).
Toan, N.Q., Dan, N.T., & Thang, P. X., 1994. Geology and Minerals of Hanoi sheet group, scale 1:50,000. General Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam.
Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (VIGMAR), 2008. Research geohazards land subsidence and proposed solutions overcome at km 16 – provincial road 419, Quoc Oai town, Hanoi city. (Report).
Manuscript received 19 March 2024;
Received in revised form 15 July 2024;
Accepted 7 January 2025
Available online 30 May 2025
https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm79202505
0126-6187; 2637-109X / Published by the Geological Society of Malaysia.
© 2025 by the Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License 4.0.
